Volume-5 Issue-2, November 2025 – Indian Journal of Environment Engineering (IJEE) https://www.ijee.latticescipub.com Exploring Innovation | ISSN: 2582-9289 (Online) | A Periodical Journal | Reg. No: C/1383209 | Published by Lattice Science Publication (LSP) Sun, 30 Nov 2025 05:09:20 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9.4 https://www.ijee.latticescipub.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/cropped-IJEE-Logo-WFS-32x32.png Volume-5 Issue-2, November 2025 – Indian Journal of Environment Engineering (IJEE) https://www.ijee.latticescipub.com 32 32 B187105021125 https://www.ijee.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b187105021125/ Wed, 12 Nov 2025 11:27:22 +0000 https://www.ijee.latticescipub.com/?post_type=portfolio&p=1309 The Indian Journal of Environment Engineering (IJEE) has ISSN 2582-9289 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical half-yearly international journal. This journal is published by Lattice Science Publication (LSP) in May and November.The journal aims to publish high-quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Environment Engineering that covers the Social Impacts of Wastewater Collection and Treatment, Fate and Transport of Contaminants on Watersheds (Surface Water, Groundwater, Soil, Atmosphere), Environmental Biology, Microbiology, Chemistry, Fluid Mechanics, Nature and Environment, Air, Water and Land Pollution, Toxic and Radioactive Pollution, Water Supply and Resources, Agriculture and Fisheries, Transportation, Oil and Gas, Mining and Metallurgy, Industrial Processing, Resources Management and Processing, Environmental Technologies and Environmental Engineering. #Social Impacts of Wastewater Collection and Treatment #Fate and Transport of Contaminants on Watersheds (Surface Water, Groundwater, Soil, Atmosphere) #Environmental Biology, Microbiology, Chemistry, Fluid Mechanics #Nature and Environment #Air, Water and Land Pollution #Toxic and Radioactive Pollution #Water Supply and Resources #Agriculture and Fisheries #Transportation #Oil and Gas, Mining and Metallurgy #Industrial Processing #Resources Management and Processing #Environmental Technologies #Environmental Engineering #PhD ademic #Scopus #SCI #LatticeScience #Springer, #ScienceDirect #IEEE #Mendeley #Research #Scholarship #UGC #SSRN #LatticeScience #ESCI #Science #Journal #Conference #SSRN #PubLons #PhD #Academic #Scopus #SCI #LatticeScience #Springer, #ScienceDirect #IEEE #Mendeley #Research #Scholarship #UGC #SSRN #LatticeScience #ESCI #Science #Journal #Conference #SSRN #PubLons

The post B187105021125 appeared first on Indian Journal of Environment Engineering (IJEE).

]]> The Indian Journal of Environment Engineering (IJEE) has ISSN 2582-9289 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical half-yearly international journal. This journal is published by Lattice Science Publication (LSP) in May and November.The journal aims to publish high-quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Environment Engineering that covers the Social Impacts of Wastewater Collection and Treatment, Fate and Transport of Contaminants on Watersheds (Surface Water, Groundwater, Soil, Atmosphere), Environmental Biology, Microbiology, Chemistry, Fluid Mechanics, Nature and Environment, Air, Water and Land Pollution, Toxic and Radioactive Pollution, Water Supply and Resources, Agriculture and Fisheries, Transportation, Oil and Gas, Mining and Metallurgy, Industrial Processing, Resources Management and Processing, Environmental Technologies and Environmental Engineering. #Social Impacts of Wastewater Collection and Treatment #Fate and Transport of Contaminants on Watersheds (Surface Water, Groundwater, Soil, Atmosphere) #Environmental Biology, Microbiology, Chemistry, Fluid Mechanics #Nature and Environment #Air, Water and Land Pollution #Toxic and Radioactive Pollution #Water Supply and Resources #Agriculture and Fisheries #Transportation #Oil and Gas, Mining and Metallurgy #Industrial Processing #Resources Management and Processing #Environmental Technologies #Environmental Engineering #PhD ademic #Scopus #SCI #LatticeScience #Springer, #ScienceDirect #IEEE #Mendeley #Research #Scholarship #UGC #SSRN #LatticeScience #ESCI #Science #Journal #Conference #SSRN #PubLons #PhD #Academic #Scopus #SCI #LatticeScience #Springer, #ScienceDirect #IEEE #Mendeley #Research #Scholarship #UGC #SSRN #LatticeScience #ESCI #Science #Journal #Conference #SSRN #PubLons

Retrofitting Blast Furnaces for Producing Green Steel and Green UreaCROSSMARK Color horizontal
Nallapaneni Sasidhar

Nallapaneni Sasidhar, Retired Engineer, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eddanapudi, Hyderabad (Telangana), India.

Manuscript received on 27 October 2025 | Revised Manuscript received on 05 November 2025 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 November 2025 | Manuscript published on 30 November 2025 | PP: 19-25 | Volume-5 Issue-2, November 2025 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijee.B187105021125 | DOI: 10.54105/ijee.B1871.05021125

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© The Authors. Published by Lattice Science Publication (LSP). This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: This paper proposes a process to produce green steel, green slag cement, and green urea by retrofitting the existing blast furnaces for using torrefied biomass, biochar, and bio-coke derived from carbon-neutral biomass. Top gas recovery is proposed to extract hydrogen and carbon dioxide, with 100% oxygen replacing air by converting the blast furnace into an oxygen blast furnace. No internal modifications are required to the existing blast furnace, including the blast furnace stoves. Only associated auxiliary systems are modified or added. The modified blast furnace is highly flexible in its raw material quality and product mix, without sacrificing overall productivity and thermal efficiency. For every tonne of rated production capacity of an existing blast furnace, nearly 0.50 tonne of green urea can be produced at attractive economics. India can become self-sufficient in urea production without relying on imports by retrofitting most of its operating blast furnaces. It is a bioenergy carbon capture and storage method in which the generated green carbon dioxide gas is sequestered, thereby reducing harmful carbon emissions. The air pollution from the oxygen blast furnaces is completely avoided from entering the atmosphere, except for excess green carbon dioxide, which is either sold or sequestered.

Keywords: BECCS, Bio-Coke, Oxygen Blast Furnace, Top Gas Recovery
Article of the Scope: Climate Change

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]]> B186505021125 https://www.ijee.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b186505021125/ Sat, 01 Nov 2025 10:13:41 +0000 https://www.ijee.latticescipub.com/?post_type=portfolio&p=1305 The Indian Journal of Environment Engineering (IJEE) has ISSN 2582-9289 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical half-yearly international journal. This journal is published by Lattice Science Publication (LSP) in May and November.The journal aims to publish high-quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Environment Engineering that covers the Social Impacts of Wastewater Collection and Treatment, Fate and Transport of Contaminants on Watersheds (Surface Water, Groundwater, Soil, Atmosphere), Environmental Biology, Microbiology, Chemistry, Fluid Mechanics, Nature and Environment, Air, Water and Land Pollution, Toxic and Radioactive Pollution, Water Supply and Resources, Agriculture and Fisheries, Transportation, Oil and Gas, Mining and Metallurgy, Industrial Processing, Resources Management and Processing, Environmental Technologies and Environmental Engineering. #Social Impacts of Wastewater Collection and Treatment #Fate and Transport of Contaminants on Watersheds (Surface Water, Groundwater, Soil, Atmosphere) #Environmental Biology, Microbiology, Chemistry, Fluid Mechanics #Nature and Environment #Air, Water and Land Pollution #Toxic and Radioactive Pollution #Water Supply and Resources #Agriculture and Fisheries #Transportation #Oil and Gas, Mining and Metallurgy #Industrial Processing #Resources Management and Processing #Environmental Technologies #Environmental Engineering #PhD ademic #Scopus #SCI #LatticeScience #Springer, #ScienceDirect #IEEE #Mendeley #Research #Scholarship #UGC #SSRN #LatticeScience #ESCI #Science #Journal #Conference #SSRN #PubLons #PhD #Academic #Scopus #SCI #LatticeScience #Springer, #ScienceDirect #IEEE #Mendeley #Research #Scholarship #UGC #SSRN #LatticeScience #ESCI #Science #Journal #Conference #SSRN #PubLons

The post B186505021125 appeared first on Indian Journal of Environment Engineering (IJEE).

]]> The Indian Journal of Environment Engineering (IJEE) has ISSN 2582-9289 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical half-yearly international journal. This journal is published by Lattice Science Publication (LSP) in May and November.The journal aims to publish high-quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Environment Engineering that covers the Social Impacts of Wastewater Collection and Treatment, Fate and Transport of Contaminants on Watersheds (Surface Water, Groundwater, Soil, Atmosphere), Environmental Biology, Microbiology, Chemistry, Fluid Mechanics, Nature and Environment, Air, Water and Land Pollution, Toxic and Radioactive Pollution, Water Supply and Resources, Agriculture and Fisheries, Transportation, Oil and Gas, Mining and Metallurgy, Industrial Processing, Resources Management and Processing, Environmental Technologies and Environmental Engineering. #Social Impacts of Wastewater Collection and Treatment #Fate and Transport of Contaminants on Watersheds (Surface Water, Groundwater, Soil, Atmosphere) #Environmental Biology, Microbiology, Chemistry, Fluid Mechanics #Nature and Environment #Air, Water and Land Pollution #Toxic and Radioactive Pollution #Water Supply and Resources #Agriculture and Fisheries #Transportation #Oil and Gas, Mining and Metallurgy #Industrial Processing #Resources Management and Processing #Environmental Technologies #Environmental Engineering #PhD ademic #Scopus #SCI #LatticeScience #Springer, #ScienceDirect #IEEE #Mendeley #Research #Scholarship #UGC #SSRN #LatticeScience #ESCI #Science #Journal #Conference #SSRN #PubLons #PhD #Academic #Scopus #SCI #LatticeScience #Springer, #ScienceDirect #IEEE #Mendeley #Research #Scholarship #UGC #SSRN #LatticeScience #ESCI #Science #Journal #Conference #SSRN #PubLons

Performance Evaluation of PV Solar Energy Systems using Mono and Polycrystalline Metal Structures,- Geographic Region Climate ModelCROSSMARK Color horizontal
Mahmood A. Mohammed1, Mohammed Z. Hasan2, Mohammed Salam Taha3

1Mahmood A. Mohammed, Department of Mechanical Techniques, Northern Technical University, Technical Institute, Kirkuk, Iraq.

2Mohammed Z. Hasan, Northern Technical University, College of Oil & Gas Techniques Engineering, Kirkuk, Iraq.

3Mohammed Salam Taha, Department of Mechanical Techniques, Northern Technical University, Technical Institute, Kirkuk, Iraq.  

Manuscript received on 04 June 2025 | First Revised Manuscript received on 26 June 2025 | Second Revised Manuscript received on 17 October 2025 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 November 2025 | Manuscript published on 30 November 2025 | PP: 13-18 | Volume-5 Issue-2, November 2025 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijee.B186505021125 | DOI: 10.54105/ijee.B1865.05021125

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© The Authors. Published by Lattice Science Publication (LSP). This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: This paper presents a comparison study between two different PV system technologies. The first PV system is based on single crystalline silicon (Hemo 06) and (with 12 bus bars). The second system is based on multi-crystalline silicon, which is installed and oriented in the same direction and fixed at the same angle as single-crystalline silicon. The study was conducted in Iraq, specifically in the city of Kirkuk. All seasons were taken into consideration, and data were recorded over a full year (from March 2024 to March 2025). In addition to the orientation of the solar panels, ambient temperature measurements were also considered, reaching approximately 48°C. The results show that the monocrystalline silicon system outperforms the polycrystalline system in terms of performance and reliability, with a performance improvement of up to 12.3%, especially in the spring and fall seasons. This is due to the superior material quality and the influence of temperature and lighting hours.

Keywords: PV Modelling, PV Parameter, Parameter Extraction, PV Tracking System, PV System Performance.
Article of the Scope: Mining and Metallurgy Environmental

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]]> B186205021125 https://www.ijee.latticescipub.com/portfolio-item/b186205021125/ Sat, 01 Nov 2025 10:03:39 +0000 https://www.ijee.latticescipub.com/?post_type=portfolio&p=1301 The Indian Journal of Environment Engineering (IJEE) has ISSN 2582-9289 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical half-yearly international journal. This journal is published by Lattice Science Publication (LSP) in May and November.The journal aims to publish high-quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Environment Engineering that covers the Social Impacts of Wastewater Collection and Treatment, Fate and Transport of Contaminants on Watersheds (Surface Water, Groundwater, Soil, Atmosphere), Environmental Biology, Microbiology, Chemistry, Fluid Mechanics, Nature and Environment, Air, Water and Land Pollution, Toxic and Radioactive Pollution, Water Supply and Resources, Agriculture and Fisheries, Transportation, Oil and Gas, Mining and Metallurgy, Industrial Processing, Resources Management and Processing, Environmental Technologies and Environmental Engineering. #Social Impacts of Wastewater Collection and Treatment #Fate and Transport of Contaminants on Watersheds (Surface Water, Groundwater, Soil, Atmosphere) #Environmental Biology, Microbiology, Chemistry, Fluid Mechanics #Nature and Environment #Air, Water and Land Pollution #Toxic and Radioactive Pollution #Water Supply and Resources #Agriculture and Fisheries #Transportation #Oil and Gas, Mining and Metallurgy #Industrial Processing #Resources Management and Processing #Environmental Technologies #Environmental Engineering #PhD ademic #Scopus #SCI #LatticeScience #Springer, #ScienceDirect #IEEE #Mendeley #Research #Scholarship #UGC #SSRN #LatticeScience #ESCI #Science #Journal #Conference #SSRN #PubLons #PhD #Academic #Scopus #SCI #LatticeScience #Springer, #ScienceDirect #IEEE #Mendeley #Research #Scholarship #UGC #SSRN #LatticeScience #ESCI #Science #Journal #Conference #SSRN #PubLons

The post B186205021125 appeared first on Indian Journal of Environment Engineering (IJEE).

]]> The Indian Journal of Environment Engineering (IJEE) has ISSN 2582-9289 (online), an open-access, peer-reviewed, periodical half-yearly international journal. This journal is published by Lattice Science Publication (LSP) in May and November.The journal aims to publish high-quality peer–reviewed original articles in the area of Environment Engineering that covers the Social Impacts of Wastewater Collection and Treatment, Fate and Transport of Contaminants on Watersheds (Surface Water, Groundwater, Soil, Atmosphere), Environmental Biology, Microbiology, Chemistry, Fluid Mechanics, Nature and Environment, Air, Water and Land Pollution, Toxic and Radioactive Pollution, Water Supply and Resources, Agriculture and Fisheries, Transportation, Oil and Gas, Mining and Metallurgy, Industrial Processing, Resources Management and Processing, Environmental Technologies and Environmental Engineering. #Social Impacts of Wastewater Collection and Treatment #Fate and Transport of Contaminants on Watersheds (Surface Water, Groundwater, Soil, Atmosphere) #Environmental Biology, Microbiology, Chemistry, Fluid Mechanics #Nature and Environment #Air, Water and Land Pollution #Toxic and Radioactive Pollution #Water Supply and Resources #Agriculture and Fisheries #Transportation #Oil and Gas, Mining and Metallurgy #Industrial Processing #Resources Management and Processing #Environmental Technologies #Environmental Engineering #PhD ademic #Scopus #SCI #LatticeScience #Springer, #ScienceDirect #IEEE #Mendeley #Research #Scholarship #UGC #SSRN #LatticeScience #ESCI #Science #Journal #Conference #SSRN #PubLons #PhD #Academic #Scopus #SCI #LatticeScience #Springer, #ScienceDirect #IEEE #Mendeley #Research #Scholarship #UGC #SSRN #LatticeScience #ESCI #Science #Journal #Conference #SSRN #PubLons

Analysis of Independent Faecal Sludge Treatment Plants in West Bengal, India towards Sustainable Faecal Waste ManagementCROSSMARK Color horizontal
Susanta Ray1, Papita Das2, Pankaj Kumar Roy3

1Susanta Ray, Senior Research Scholar, School of Advanced Studies in Industrial Pollution Control Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata (West Bengal), India.

2Dr. Papita Das, Professor, School of Advanced Studies in Industrial Pollution Control Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata (West Bengal), India.

3Dr. Pankaj Kumar Roy, Professor, School of Water Resources Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata (West Bengal), India. 

Manuscript received on 10 May 2025 | First Revised Manuscript received on 26 May 2025 | Second Revised Manuscript received on 16 October 2025 | Manuscript Accepted on 15 November 2025 | Manuscript published on 30 November 2025 | PP: 1-12 | Volume-5 Issue-2, November 2025 | Retrieval Number: 100.1/ijee.B186205021125 | DOI: 10.54105/ijee.B1862.05021125

Open Access | Editorial and Publishing Policies | Cite | Zenodo | OJS | Indexing and Abstracting
© The Authors. Published by Lattice Science Publication (LSP). This is an open-access article under the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Abstract: 60% of toilets in India are constructed with an onsite sanitation system (OSS). In the West Bengal (WB) State of India, 78% of the urban population is covered with unsewered and OSS systems. There is no detailed study that compares the economic benefits of FSTP in India with those of a Sewerage Treatment Plant (STP). This study is done to derive the anticipated outcome and benefits which may be achieved from independent Faecal Sludge Treatment Plants (FSTP) concerning economic aspects and control of environmental pollution caused by untreated discharge of Faecal Sludge (FS) and Septage into open ground and water bodies. The study was conducted in an indigenous and unique manner, following rigorous literature reviews and data collection. The study emphasises the immediate implementation of FSTP in each city where an unserved sanitation system exists. To establish an independent FSTP with 100 KLD capacity, it is concluded that the average capital cost (CapEx) for construction and its operation and maintenance cost (OpEx) for 15 years are around INR 106.5 million and INR 330 million,respectively. Considering this, the total CapEx plus OpEx (15 years) incurs around INR 985 per capita for using FSTP. On the other hand, the same approach, using STP, amounts to approximately INR 18,000 per capita, comprising capital expenditure (INR 9,000) and Operational Expenditure (INR 9,000 for 15 years). The economic benefits of adopting FSTP over STP are expected to reach INR 251 billion within the first 15 years. Moreover, end products of FSTPs add resource recovery, control environmental pollution, ensure sustainable development goals and promote a circular economy.

Keywords: On-site Sanitation Systems; Un-sewered Sanitation System; Two Pits Pour Flush Toilet; Operation and Maintenance Cost; Circular Economy.
Article of the Scope: Pollution Control

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